Food · Fermented foods

Tsubu / Bai (Whelk)

つぶ (ばい) (Tsubu (Bai))

Also known as: Tsubu, Bai, Japanese whelk, Buccinum striatissimum, Babylonia japonica, 螺, ツブ, バイ

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At a glance

CategoryFood
Japanese labeling nameつぶ (ばい)
Common Japanese notationsつぶ, ツブ, ばい, バイ, 螺, ヒメエゾボラ, エゾボラ
OriginWhelks — multiple species commonly grouped as 'tsubu' or 'bai' in Japanese: **Buccinum striatissimum (Hime-ezobora — premium Hokkaido tsubu)**, **Babylonia japonica (Japanese whelk — bai)**; principal regions Hokkaido (volume), Aomori, Niigata, Iwate; **CAUTION: salivary glands of some Buccinum species contain tetramine (tetramethylammonium) — neurotoxic** — must be removed before consumption; sushi-channel and specialty foodservice
Typical functionsSashimi / sushi nigiri (Hokkaido tsubu specialty), Tsuboyaki shell-grilled preparation, Nimono sweet-soy simmered, Foodservice Hokkaido-cuisine signature
Regulatory status in JapanStandard food labeling. **CRITICAL: Tetramine-bearing salivary glands of certain Buccinum tsubu species must be removed by trained processor before consumption — consumer-direct retail of unprocessed Buccinum poses neurotoxin risk.** **Mollusk JAS-recommended-disclosure allergen.**

Tsubu / Bai (つぶ / ばい) — multiple whelk species: Hokkaido Buccinum striatissimum (hime-ezobora premium tsubu), Babylonia japonica (bai). **CAUTION: tetramine-bearing salivary glands of certain tsubu species must be removed by trained processor — neurotoxin risk.** Hokkaido, Aomori, Iwate regions.

Classification

Tags below link to other ingredients sharing the same attribute, so you can pivot from one ingredient to its peers.

Used in (typical product categories)

Finished-product categories that commonly include this ingredient in Japanese-market formulations.

  • Live tsubu Hokkaido retail (sushi-grade)
  • Frozen tsubu B2B sushi-channel
  • Foodservice supply

What it is

Buccinum / Babylonia whelks (Buccinum may contain tetramine in salivary glands).

Typical uses in Japanese products

Sashimi / sushi nigiri Hokkaido specialty.

Tsuboyaki shell-grilled.

Sweet-soy nimono.

Foodservice Hokkaido signature.

For OEM: live sushi-grade retail, frozen B2B sushi, foodservice. **Trained processor required for tetramine removal.**

Regulatory classification in Japan

Standard food labeling.

**CRITICAL: tetramine-bearing salivary glands of Buccinum tsubu must be removed by trained processor.**

**Mollusk JAS-recommended-disclosure allergen.**

Regulatory classification in other markets

EU**Mollusks EU-mandatory allergen.** Niche specialty. Tetramine safety required.
USAMollusk allergen disclosure. Niche specialty. Tetramine safety required.
ChinaNiche specialty.
KoreaEstablished as 골뱅이 (golbaengi) — domestic specialty.

Example products

Example finished products will be added after verification.

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Related ingredients

References

  1. MEXT Standard Tables of Food Composition — つぶ (ばい)

Last updated: 2026-04-28. Ingredient entries are reviewed at least annually against current regulatory listings.

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